|
414
district heating systems (DHS) and 13 district cooling systems (DCS) are
listed.
DHS
currently represents only 5% or so of the heat delivered in France. However,
national policy makers have now acknowledged that DHC will be decisive in
massively developing renewable and recovery energy (R&RE) sources use to
the extent planned, either in European or in national regulation.
By
2020, DH in France is due to reach an average of 50% of R&RE sources in
their fuel mix (vs. 29% in 2008); they will also have to double (or triple)
the household-equivalents that benefit from the heat they produce (2 millions
household-equivalents and 3,200 km of network in 2008).
|
Objective
|
Figures
|
|
Heat production from biomass through DHS
|
+ 1,1 Mtep
|
|
|
Heat production from waste
incineration and waste wood
|
+ 0,5 Mtep
|
|
|
|
|
R&R heat to be mobilized through DHS
|
3,2 Mtep
|
37,2 TWh
|
|
- of which biomass
|
1,2 Mtep
|
13,9 TWh
|
|
- of which waste incineration and waste wood
|
0,9 Mtep
|
10,5 TWh
|
|
- of which biogas
|
0,6 Mtep
|
6,4 TWh
|
|
- of which deep geothermal
|
0,5 Mtep
|
5,8 TWh
|
|
|
|
Light
green: current production
Bright
green: 2020 target
|
|
The
following figures and graphs give a precise overview of the French DH market
in 2008.
|
Main characteristics
|
Unit
|
DHS
|
DCS
|
Total
|
|
Number
of DH or C systems (networks)
|
Nb
|
414
|
13
|
427
|
|
Number of production
plants
|
Nb
|
615
|
21
|
636
|
|
Total installed capacity
|
MW
|
17 119
|
620
|
17 739
|
|
Energy consumption
|
GWh
|
37 720
|
304
|
38 024
|
|
Energy consumption
|
Ktep*
|
3 244
|
26
|
3 270
|
|
Total
capacity from other energy sources
|
MW
|
2 760
|
16
|
2 776
|
|
Total
length of the networks
|
km
|
3 201
|
128
|
3 329
|
|
Number of sub-stations
|
Nb
|
23 240
|
841
|
24 081
|
|
Total capacity demand
|
MW
|
18 653
|
698
|
19 351
|
|
Total
thermal energy deliveries
|
GWh
|
24 362
|
894
|
25 256
|
|
Number
of housing equivalents
|
Nb
|
2 073 351
|
80 675
|
2 154 026
|
|
Annual turnover
|
K€ HT
|
1 432 204
|
100 170
|
1 532 374
|
|
Average
subscription price in billing
|
%
|
35,9%
|
53,2%
|
37,0%
|
|
Average
overall price (set + energy related
|
€ HT
|
58,8
|
112,1
|
60,7
|
|
Operation modes in DHS
|
Nb of DHS
|
Energy deliveries
|
|
Nb
|
%
|
GWh
|
%
|
|
Public management
|
37
|
9%
|
595
|
2%
|
|
Public
management with private maintenance contract
|
2
|
0%
|
1
|
0%
|
|
Delegation contract -
Leasing
|
75
|
18%
|
4 846
|
20%
|
|
Delegation contract - Concession
|
150
|
36%
|
15 238
|
63%
|
|
Other
- with private maintenance contract
|
134
|
32%
|
3 255
|
13%
|
|
Other
- without private maintenance contract
|
16
|
4%
|
427
|
2%
|
|
Nber of energy sources
used in DHS
|
In Nb of DHS
|
In energy deliveries
|
|
Nb
|
%
|
GWh
|
%
|
|
1 energy source
|
137
|
35%
|
3 383
|
14%
|
|
2 energy sources
|
173
|
44%
|
7 472
|
31%
|
|
3 energy sources
|
66
|
17%
|
4 995
|
21%
|
|
4 energy sources or more
|
19
|
5%
|
8 397
|
35%
|
|
Number of plants in DHS
|
In Nb of DHS
|
In energy deliveries
|
|
Nb
|
%
|
GWh
|
%
|
|
1
plant or less (external sources)
|
334
|
81%
|
12 568
|
52%
|
|
2
plants
|
39
|
9%
|
2 657
|
11%
|
|
3
plants
|
18
|
4%
|
1 339
|
6%
|
|
4
plants or more
|
20
|
5%
|
7 701
|
32%
|
|
1 ETS plant at least
|
200
|
49%
|
20 984
|
86%
|
|
DHS fuel mix
|
Consumed or purchased energies
|
Heat production
|
|
Purchase units
|
Input
except CHP
GWh
|
Input
for CHP
GWh
|
Quantity
(GWh)
|
Share / Total
(%)
|
|
Fossil
fuels
|
Coal
|
447 858
|
tons
|
2 868
|
303
|
2 759
|
10%
|
|
Heavy fuel
|
196 801
|
tons
|
2 137
|
85
|
1 939
|
7%
|
|
Heating oil
|
13 375
|
m3
|
128
|
4
|
115
|
0%
|
|
Natural gas
|
25 633 654
|
MWh pcs
|
7 543
|
15 472
|
13 521
|
49%
|
|
R&R
Energies
|
Biomass
|
267 097
|
tons
|
658
|
142
|
687
|
3%
|
|
Biogas
|
0
|
MWh pcs
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0%
|
|
Recycled gas
|
195 128
|
MWh pcs
|
128
|
59
|
138
|
1%
|
|
Industrial heat
|
329 945
|
MWh
|
330
|
so
|
330
|
1%
|
|
Waste valorisation
|
5 807 801
|
MWh
|
5 808
|
so
|
5 808
|
21%
|
|
Geothermal
|
869 284
|
MWh
|
869
|
so
|
869
|
3%
|
|
Other
energies
|
Electric boiler
|
29 804
|
MWh e
|
30
|
so
|
30
|
0%
|
|
Heating pump
|
7 540
|
MWh e
|
38
|
so
|
38
|
0%
|
|
External CHP
|
253 034
|
MWh
|
253
|
so
|
253
|
1%
|
|
External DHS
|
865 634
|
MWh
|
866
|
so
|
866
|
3%
|
|
Sub-total
fossil fuels
|
-
|
-
|
12 676
|
15 865
|
18 333
|
67%
|
|
Sub-total
R&R energies
|
-
|
-
|
7 792
|
200
|
7 832
|
29%
|
|
Sub-total
other energies
|
-
|
-
|
1 187
|
0
|
1 187
|
4%
|
|
TOTAL
|
|
|
21 655
|
16 065
|
27 352
|
100%
|
DHS fuel mix:
= Natural gas except for CHP
= Natural gas for CHP
= R&R Energies
= Oil
= Coal
= Other
|
|
|
R&R Energy use in
DHS (global)
|
Nb of DHS
|
Energy deliveries
|
|
Nb
|
%
|
GWh
|
%
|
|
DHS
using 1 R&R energy source or more
|
131
|
32%
|
13 518
|
55%
|
|
DHS
using only non R&R energy sources
|
283
|
68%
|
10 845
|
45%
|
|
R&R Energy use in
DHS (detail)
|
Nb of DHS
|
Energy deliveries (GWh)
|
|
Nb
|
%
|
Total
|
Of which R&RE
|
|
>= 60% of R&R
energy
|
86
|
21%
|
4 077
|
3 184
|
|
50 to 60% of R&R energy
|
7
|
2%
|
519
|
288
|
|
30 to 50% of R&R energy
|
16
|
4%
|
7 086
|
2 714
|
|
< 30% of R&R energy
|
305
|
74%
|
12 680
|
284
|
DHS
dispersal in terms of CO2 footprint:
(0,384
kg/kWh being the coal value, imposed to all DHCS that do not voluntarily
declare their CO2 footprint)
|
CHP on DHS (global)
|
Nb of DHS
|
Energy deliveries (GWh th)
|
|
DHS equipped with
cogeneration
|
209
|
17 671
|
|
DHS
NOT equipped with cogeneration
|
218
|
7 585
|
|
CHP on DHS (detail)
|
Unit
|
value
|
|
Electric capacity (net)
|
MW
|
1 669
|
|
Thermal capacity
(recoverable)
|
MW
|
2 284
|
|
Electricity production
|
GWh e
|
5 717
|
|
Heat
delivered to the network
|
GWh th
|
7 704
|
|
CHP fuel mix
|
GWh pci
|
|
Natural gas
|
15 472
|
|
Other energies*
|
593
|
* in order of importance: coal, biomass,
oil, renewable or recovered gas
|
DHC medium
|
In Nb of DHCS
|
Energy deliveries
|
|
Nb
|
%
|
GWh
|
%
|
|
Warm water (<= 110°C) only
|
290
|
70%
|
8 224
|
33%
|
|
Superheated water (>
110°C) only
|
72
|
17%
|
6 877
|
27%
|
|
Steam only
|
6
|
1%
|
304
|
1%
|
|
Cold water only
|
13
|
3%
|
894
|
4%
|
|
Various fluids
|
32
|
8%
|
8 930
|
35%
|
|
DHS heat Deliveries
|
Deliveries
|
|
GWh
|
%
|
|
Services
|
9 043
|
36%
|
|
Healthcare
|
1 603
|
6%
|
|
Education
|
2 166
|
9%
|
|
Other services
|
5 274
|
21%
|
|
Residential
|
14 555
|
58%
|
|
Industrial
|
1 488
|
6%
|
|
Other
|
152
|
1%
|
|
